2014年3月6日 星期四

如何鑑定田黃 How to evaluate Yellowstone

細:質地細密幼嫩,田黃質極嫩。
結:結構緊密均勻石質軟松,較堅實。
    溫:有老舊感,古董感,沉著而不輕浮,有很強的親和力。
潤:不干澀,飽滿晶瑩潤澤,如具“水色”的玉。
凝:光芒內斂,在光的照射下,其反射出的光不像珠寶鑽石那樣直接,而是好像再透過一層“水晶蠟”折射出來一樣,有一種內向收斂的感覺。
                   田黃素有石帝之稱,其上品價早已超過金價10倍。但由於開門的實物稀少,故收藏者中存在不少有關田黃的一些誤解。
            誤解1:田黃均是黃色
            田黃指福建壽山高山系田坑石中的黃色者。田坑石中不但有黃色,且有白、紅、綠、黑等多種顏色,田黃石帶紅、黑等色者也稱田紅、田黑。
            誤解2:有蘿蔔絲紋的必為田黃
            所謂蘿蔔絲紋,是指石中類似蘿蔔削皮後表面網狀分佈的纖維結構。但實際上田黃中的“蘿蔔絲紋”有多種形態:不但有類似蘿蔔的網狀紋,也有瓜瓤般的瓜瓤紋或如同粽粒融化的融粽紋,亦有通透的水流紋等。有“蘿蔔絲紋”的並不一定就是田黃,不少壽山山坑石亦有蘿蔔絲紋。雖然大多數田黃均有“蘿蔔絲紋”,但有些田黃上品沒有清晰的蘿蔔絲紋(比如故宮博物館的田黃乾隆三聯章)。
            傳統田黃相法是審美鑑賞角度的相法:從蹼狀石皮(黑、黃、白)、格(石裂)、蘿蔔絲紋入手。現代相法又加入了科學:田黃的礦物成分是地開石,非壽山石中常見的葉蠟石。據此,比較全面的鑑別法是結合傳統相法和科學分析,既要有皮格紋,亦要是地開石。有皮格蘿蔔絲則為田黃的候選,但尚待科學分析證實。另外,成分是地開石的並不一定是田黃(如昌化黃石等)。
            誤解3:凡田黃必貴重,大的必比小的好
            田黃中有上、中、下品之分。下品田黃並無大的商業價值,價比上品差幾十倍。大小方面,傳統說法一兩以上成材,二兩以上罕見。一般說來大的當然比小的好,但不是絕對的。一顆石質差、色差大、紋亂的大田黃比不上石質通靈的小田黃。一顆上品田黃必須具有石之六德:細(不粗鬆)、潔(光滑如孩兒面)、潤(油潤不枯燥)、膩(膩如肉凍,黏糕)、溫(寶氣內蘊)、凝(凝靈)。其中以靈氣和溫潤寶氣最重要。
            誤解4:田黃中的格必為血絲紅紋
            血絲紅格在黃金黃田黃中常見,但田黃的格紋還有白色、灰色等其他顏色。作偽者千篇一律將格紋做成紅色,便是基於這種不全面的誤解

出產田黃的一平方公里左右,分為→
1上坂田黃,質靈色淡。
2中坂田黃,質嫩色濃。
3下坂田黃,質凝膩多作桐油色。
4碓下坂田黃,質粗硬色黝暗。
1982年石巢先生[印石辯]中田黃之六德→
1細,質地細密如嬰兒之膚。
2結,內質脂密有光澤,手有滑感
3温,與人有相親的寶氣,無火氣。
4潤,在手心能生成露珠般的滋潤,如露之欲滴。
5凝,凝靈如半透明的凍狀
6膩,肌裡油溢,稍為盤玩,如油之欲滴。
    其他礦石,沒這種油膩感。
石巢先生[印石辯]中蘿蔔紋之六種形態→
1像蘿蔔削皮後內層紋理,網狀長眼,由密而疏。
2像糯米粽子蒸熟後,米粒似化未化形狀。
 有時也成條紋狀。
3網眼較圓,又斷續分散分布。
4如冬瓜內心紋,或明或暗規則分布
5如水波紋狀。
6基本上不見蘿蔔紋,僅有少數網狀紋,是最上
 品者。
田黃的比重2.6克/cm3,摩爾硬度為2~2.9度。


Fine: fine texture tender, very tender Tianhuang quality. Results: compact structure uniformly soft stone pine, more solid.

    
Temperature: There are old sense of antique feeling calm and not frivolous, has a strong affinity. Run: not dry, moist and full of crystal, such as a "water color" jade. Ning: Ray restrained, in the light irradiation, the reflection of the light is not as direct diamond jewelry, but seems to be through a layer of "Crystal wax" reflecting the same, there is a feeling within the convergence.


                   
Tianhuang known as Emperor Shi said its top grade gold price had more than 10 times.
However, due to the scarcity of open objects, so a lot of misunderstandings about the existence of collectors in Tianhuang.
            
Myth 1: tianhuang are yellow
            
Tianhuang refers Fujian Shoushan stone mountains line the yellow field pits were.
Field, not only with yellow stone pit, and a variety of colors white, red, green, black, etc., Yellowstone with red, black and other colors were red, also known as Tian Tian black.
            
Myth 2: There are a must for the Tianhuang Luobosiwen
            
The so-called Luobosiwen refers stone surface mesh after a similar distribution peeled carrot fiber structure. But in fact Tianhuang the "Luobosiwen" There are a variety of forms: not only have similar radish mesh pattern, there are flesh-like flesh as grain or grain rice dumplings dumplings melt melting pattern, patterns, etc. are also transparent water . There are "Luobosiwen" does not necessarily Tianhuang, there are a lot of Shoushan stone Shankeng Luobosiwen.
While most Tianhuang are "Luobosiwen", but some top grade Tianhuang no clear Luobosiwen (such as field 黄乾隆 triple chapter of the Palace Museum).
            
Tianhuang phase method is the traditional aesthetic appreciation angle phase method: From the webbed stone skin (black, yellow, white), Georgia (Stone crack), Luobosiwen start. Modernity has joined the scientific method: mineral composition Tianhuang is dickite, non Shoushan Stone common pyrophyllite. Accordingly, a more comprehensive identification method is a combination of traditional and scientific analysis phase method, which requires both Pigg pattern, also if the dickite. There Pigg radish was Tianhuang candidate, but scientific analysis confirmed yet.
Further, the component is not necessarily dickite is Tianhuang (eg CFF Yellowstone).
            
Myth 3: All fields 黄必贵 heavy, large will better smaller than
            
There Tianhuang upper, middle and low-grade points. Low-grade Tianhuang no big commercial value, lower than the top grade difference a few times. Size, say twelve or more traditional lumber, twenty-two more rare. Generally large course than small, but not absolute. A stone aberration, chromatic aberration big, chaotic pattern psychic field of small yellow stone compare Tianhuang. Tianhuang must have a top grade stone six German: fine (not coarse pine), clean (smooth as a baby face), Run (oily not boring), tired (tired as aspic, sticky rice cake), temperature (Po gas intrinsic), condensate (condensate spirit).
Among Reiki and moist air most important treasure.
            
Myth 4: The grid will be for Tianhuang bloodshot red lines
            
Yellow Yellow 金黄田 bloodshot red cells in common, but there Tianhuang other colors Plaid white, gray and so on.
Check who made the fake red monotony, is not fully based on this misunderstanding

 
Tianhuang produced about one square kilometer, divided → 1 Sakagami Tianhuang, quality spirits pale. 2 Sakamoto Tianhuang, tender quality color concentration. 3 Sakashita Tianhuang, quality condensate tired to make more tung oil colors. Sakamoto Tianhuang under 4 pestle, quality coarse color murky. 1982 Mr. Shi Chao [Indian stone debate] in tianhuang Six German → A fine, fine texture such as baby's skin. 2 knot, endoplasmic fat dense glossy, hand a slippery feel. 3 warm, intimate with the people treasure the gas, no anger. 4 Run in the palm of the hand can generate dew-like moisture, such as dew dripping. 5 condensate, condensate spirits such as translucent jelly-like. 6 greasy, muscles in the oil spill, a little dish play, such as the desire of the oil droplets.

    
Other ores, no such feeling greasy. Mr. Shi Chao [Indian stone debate] in the form of six lines of radish → 1 carrot peeled back like inner texture, mesh long eye by dense and sparse. After two glutinous rice dumplings like steamed rice is not like technology of shape.

 
Sometimes into stripes. 3 mesh over the circle, but also intermittently dispersed distribution. 4 such as melon heart pattern, overtly or covertly  distribution rules. 5 water corrugated. 6 radishes pattern is basically gone, only a few reticular pattern, is the most

 
Those goods. Proportion Tianhuang 2.6 g / cm3, mole hardness of 2 to 2.9 degrees.

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