田黃為全球最昂貴石頭資源極度稀缺增值空間大

眼下，全球什麼石頭最昂貴？是和田玉或是翡翠？非也，而是被稱為石帝的田黃！這種能賣到兩萬元一克的寶石，正以每年價格至少遞增50%的速度雄踞藝術品市場之首。下月10日起，廣東省工藝美術珍品館將舉辦100枚田黃精品展，市民將可一睹貴如黃金的田黃石風采。據悉，數量如此多的田黃集中展示在廣州還是第一次。

　　資源極度稀缺

　　幾百年開採不足1000公斤

珍品館館長譚偉彬認為，按目前田黃每克5000元-10000元的價格並不算貴，還沒到頂。為何這種石頭很低調卻價格驚人呢？譚偉彬分析，首先是田黃資源極其稀缺。全球只有福建壽山村一條幾公里長的水田裡才出產田黃，而且零星散落，無根無脈，數量甚為稀少，幾百年來的開採量還不到1000公斤。其次是由於大部分田黃愛好者購入了就不再上市流通，賣件少件，而追求的人卻越來越多，導致價格快速上升。

“當下許多人稱為資源短缺的品種，其實在市場上數量還是很可觀的，但田黃就不同了，在全國大大小小的藝術品市場或展會上，很難覓其踪影。”譚偉彬認為，田黃是目前世上最稀缺的寶石。

　　價格堅挺

　　比鑽石還貴的石頭

生長在壽山村、長期在北京經營壽山石的黃女士透露，去年60克一枚的田黃賣60萬元，現在賣到160萬元。當今一枚田黃隨便出手一二十萬元已司空見慣，連以前不被藏家放在眼裡、質地一般、僅幾克重、售價幾百元的田黃原石，現在也要數千元，田黃成了比鑽石還貴的石頭。

多年從事壽山石製作的工藝美術師陳先生預測，田黃在市場上個頭越賣越小，可能用不了多久，連米粒大小的田黃都很名貴。目前田黃價格走勢非常堅挺，一位田黃發燒友想從一商家手裡買一件74克烏鴉皮田黃，還價50萬元，對方鐵定70萬元才肯出手，甚至連小碎料的田黃也十分走強。在福州壽山石市場，一廠家多年囤積的1000多粒比指頭還小的田黃原石，有商家欲出價180萬元收購，但廠方非300萬元不談。這說明買賣雙方對田黃的後市看好。

最近，有地產界的巨頭擲億元買入壽山石及田黃，把田黃價格推高一線。而拍賣公司更是將田黃作為拍賣的重頭戲，拍出幾十萬至幾百萬元的田黃已屢見不鮮。

　　升值空間

　　還有多大？

　　田黃到底還有多大的升值空間？譚偉彬認為，只要是珍稀就有人接受，更有民營老闆道出了心聲；錢可以不斷掙來，而田黃是再也產不出來了。譚偉彬這麼比喻，田黃是一隻“只漲不跌的股票”。

譚偉彬告訴我們，如果想從田黃的收藏中得到較大的回報，最好長期持有，待價而沽。目前還藏在北京榮寶齋一件重達4500克的田黃鎮齋之寶，是上世紀90年代以13.5萬元的價格向壽山村一位村民購進的，當時這位村民欣喜若狂，回家蓋了房子還有盈餘，最近有媒體再次採訪他，他卻頓足搥胸，後悔不已，因為這曠世稀有的大田黃已接近億元身價了。

　　田黃的種類

橘皮黃：色如橘皮色。

黃金黃：色濃黃帶赤，有如足色黃金。

枇杷黃：色如熟透的枇杷，較黃金黃鮮豔。

桂花黃：色比枇杷黃淡，如中秋桂子，略帶粉色調。

雞油黃：色比桂花黃淡，比白田稍黃。

銀包金：外白內黃的田石。

金包銀：外黃內白的田石。

烏鴉皮：外表附有微透明的黑色石皮的田石。

田黃凍：如肉凍果凍一樣，蘿蔔紋非常明顯。

　　田黃的石品

蘿蔔紋：凡是透明度較強的田黃石，在強烈的光線下觀察，它的肌理往往隱約可見到一條條細而密的紋理，其形狀猶如剛剛出土的白蘿蔔纖維，故有“蘿蔔紋”之稱。

紅筋：紅筋是指田黃石表層偶爾出現的紅色筋絡，紅如血、細如絲，俗稱“紅筋”又叫“血絲”。它是田黃石在遷移過程中產生的細裂紋，經土壤中氧化鐵滲透而形成的格紋。田黃石的真偽鑑定，主要是依靠肉眼進行，根據上述外觀特徵基本可以辨別清楚。

Tian Huang is the world's most expensive stone resources extremely scarce value-added space
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Now, what is the most expensive stone in the world? Is it Hetian or Jade? No, but also known as the stone emperor Tian Huang! This can sell 20,000 yuan a gram of gems, is the annual price of at least 50% increase in the rate of art market first. From the 10th of next month, the Guangdong Provincial Arts and Crafts Museum will hold 100 Tianhuang fine exhibition, the public will be able to see if the gold field of gold and yellow stone style. It is reported that the number of so many concentrated show in Guangzhou or the first time in Guangzhou.

Extremely scarce resources
Hundreds of years of mining less than 1000 kg
Treasure Museum director Tan Weibin that, according to the current Tianhuang per gram 5,000 yuan -10000 yuan price is not expensive, not to the top. Why this stone is very low price but amazing price? Tan Weibin analysis, first of all, scarlet resources are extremely scarce. The world's only Shou Shan Village, Fujian Province, a few kilometers long paddy fields were produced Tianhuang, and sporadic scattered, no roots and veins, the number is very rare, hundreds of years of mining capacity of less than 1000 kg. Followed by the majority of Tian Huang lovers to buy no longer listed circulation, selling fewer pieces, and the pursuit of people are more and more, leading to rapid price increases.
"Now many people called the shortage of resources varieties, in fact, the number is still very impressive in the market, but Tian Huang is different, in the country's large and small art market or exhibition, it is difficult to find its trace." Tan Weibin that, Tian Huang is currently the world's most scarce gems.
The price is firm
Diamond is more expensive than diamonds
Growing in Shoushan Village, long run in Beijing Shoushan stone Ms. Huang said last year, 60 grams of a field to sell 600,000 yuan, and now sold 1.6 million yuan. Today, a field of yellow casually shot two hundred thousand yuan has been commonplace, even before the Tibetan people are not in the eyes, the texture of the general, only a few grams of weight, the price of a few hundred dollars of the original yellow stone, Tian Huang has become more expensive than diamonds.
For many years engaged in Shoushan stone production technology artist Mr. Chen predicted that Tian Huang in the market head and sell the smaller, may not take long, even the grain size of the Tianhuang are very expensive. At present, the price trend is very strong Tianhuang, a Tianhuang enthusiasts want to buy a 74 grams from the hands of a businessman, the price of 500,000 yuan, the other will be fixed for 70 million to be shot, and even a small scrap of the field of yellow Also very strong. Shoushan stone market in Fuzhou, a manufacturer for many years hoarding more than 1,000 grains than the small head of the original Huang Huang, there are businesses want to bid 1.8 million acquisition, but the factory is not 300 million yuan. This shows buyers and sellers optimistic about the market outlook.
Recently, there are real estate sector giant throw billion yuan to buy Shoushan stone and Tian Huang, the price of Tianhuang pushed higher line. The auction company is the Tian Huang as the highlight of the auction, shoot hundreds of thousands to several million dollars of Tian Huang is not uncommon.
Appreciation space
How much?
Tian Huang in the end there is much room for appreciation? Tan Weibin that, as long as it is rare to accept, more private boss tells the voice; money can continue to earn, and Tian Huang is no longer produced out. Tan Weibin such a metaphor, Tian Huang is a "only up and down the stock."
Tan Weibin told us that if you want to get a larger return from the field of yellow, the best long-term hold, to be sold for sale. Is still hidden in Beijing Rong Bao Zhai a weight of 4500 grams of Tian Huangzhen vegetarian treasure, is the last century 90's to 135,000 yuan price to Shoushan Village, a villager was purchased, when the villagers ecstatic, back Home cover the house there is a surplus, the media recently interviewed him again, but he pounded his chest, regret it, because this rare wild field yellow is close to 100 million worth.
The type of yellow
Orange peel yellow: color such as orange peel color.
Golden yellow: color thick yellow with red, like enough gold.
Loquat yellow: color, such as ripe loquat, more golden yellow bright.
Sweet-scented osmanthus yellow: color than loquat yellow light, such as mid-autumn Guizi, slightly pink tone.
Chicken oil yellow: color than sweet-scented osmanthus yellow light, slightly yellow than the white field.
Bags of gold: outside the white yellow stone.
Gold package silver: outside the yellow white stone.
Crow skin: the surface with a micro-transparent black stone skin stone.
Tian Huang frozen: like frozen jelly, radish pattern is very obvious.
Tianhuang stone goods
Radish pattern: all the strong transparency of the Tian Huangshi, in the strong light observation, its texture is often vaguely visible a fine and dense texture, its shape is like the newly unearthed white radish fiber, it is "radish pattern," said The
Red bars: red bars refers to the surface of the red surface of the red layer of red rhinoceros, red as blood, fine as silk, commonly known as "red ribs" also known as "bloodshot". It is the Yellowstone in the migration process produced by the fine cracks, the formation of iron oxide in the soil through the formation of the check. Tian Huangshi authenticity identification, mainly rely on the naked eye, according to the appearance of the basic characteristics can be clearly identified.

幾種與壽山石較相似玉石的鑑別-1

摘要：壽山石，以其溫潤細膩、晶瑩剔透的石質，艷麗多彩、讓人目不暇接的色澤，柔韌適中，雕刻性好和千姿百態精美的雕琢，贏得人們的鍾愛。 但壽山石和一些與其相似玉石的識別鑑定確有些困難。 本文簡要介紹壽山石的分類和特點，以便對壽山石的特性有基本的了解；介紹了用常規珠寶鑑定方法，如密度、硬度、鏡下放大觀察，內部礦物包體特徵以及光澤，顏色特徵等，鑑別青田石、巴林石、滑石以及昌化黃石、水鎂石這些易與壽山石相混淆的玉石的方法和特點，以達到鑑別真偽的目的。

2006年11月7日，在香港蘇富比拍賣會上，一件二百余克的壽山田黃石紙鎮以3932萬港元的天價成交。 這無疑更促進壽山石名揚海內外，提升壽山石的石中之王和“石帝”的地位。
近年來，國人生活水平和鑑賞能力提高，人們鍾愛壽山石，收藏家、篆刻家們也竭力購置所喜愛的壽山石飾品。 這主要是由於壽山石其石質溫潤綿密、細膩靈純、晶瑩剔透、無與倫比的天生麗質；又歷經數百年來，多少代福建藝人們的精雕細琢，造就出無數巧奪天工的壽山石精品。 如今，精品壽山石日漸稀少，價格也在持續攀升，而在豐厚利潤的驅使下，大量仿冒壽山石的贗品也充斥市場。 筆者近期走訪一些古玩集散市場，就見有不少以青田石、巴林石、滑石或水鎂石冒充壽山石飾品，其中較多的是以把玩件、小雕件、印章等形式出現。 筆者購得部分這些飾品並運用常規珠寶鑑定儀器，測試其密度、硬度、觀察其鏡下特點，內部礦物結構，礦物包體，顏色分佈等特點，並與壽山石的諸特性進行比對，試圖從中探討總結用常規方法的鑑別特徵。
一、 壽山石總體分類和特點簡述
壽山石產於福建省福州市北郊壽山村方圓約一百多平方公里的山脈和溪田中。 主要礦物為地開石（DK）、高嶺石（Ka）、葉臘石（Py）、伊利石(IL)、珍珠陶石（Nc），以及含少量的其他付礦物[1]。 按礦物學類型分高嶺石型，葉臘石型和伊利石型三類。 按其產出位置分為為田坑石，水坑石、山坑石三大類，而此分類是沿用歷史和傳統、也是目前認可的分類法，本文依此分類論述。
1、田坑石主要產於壽山溪和溪旁農田中，也是田黃石的主要產地。 根據其顏色分為黃田、紅田、黑田、白田和牛蛋黃等共13個品種。主要特徵是內部肌理隱現“蘿蔔紋”（蘿蔔削皮，內有編織如網細密的絲紋，其實是結構紋）(圖A1)；皮色外表濃艷，內裡漸淡，表層多裹有杏黃、黃白或黑色皮（圖A2、A3）；可見有格紋呈紅筋狀（其他品種壽山石的筋格可有多種顏色，而田黃的筋格多為紅色，其實是一種癒合裂隙且充填鐵質等）(圖A3、A4)。 這是田黃石的三大特徵，也是鑑別的重要依據。 田坑石多微透明，極溫潤、細密。 密度大多為2.58-2.62g/cm3，相對硬度Hm=2.6±（少數烏鴉皮田黃和牛蛋黃等密度可達2.78g/cm3，Hm=3.73），主要礦物為地開石和珍珠陶石，次要礦物伊利石等。
2、水坑石主要產自壽山溪上游的小山—坑頭占之麓的溪旁山澗，多以硐採為主。 因礦脈位置水源豐沛，出產的多為凍石，如水晶凍（圖A5）、魚腦凍，瑪瑙凍等13個品種。 其特點是因其長期受地下水浸漬，形成明顯獨特的晶瑩剔透、透明度高、緻密且雜質少的特性。 其他坑石的壽山石（如高山凍等坑石）在這方面無以媲比。 其次是其產量少、產區面積小、塊度小的三小特點。 其三是密度大多2.61-2.63g/cm3.相對硬度Hm=2.61，少數為2.70-2.80g/cm3，Hm=2.85±。 放大觀察，有時見赤鐵礦呈細小星點狀分佈，如桃花凍石品種等。
山坑石，產於方圓一百多平方公里的壽山、月洋兩山脈的岩層中。 該石種品種多，紛雜，分佈廣。 人們依其產出的礦脈來分類，共為14種礦脈類、細分為76個品種，如高山石（圖A7），都成坑石、荔枝洞石（圖A8）、芙蓉石（圖A6 ）、善伯石（圖A4）、月尾石、文洋石、旗降石等等。 該類玉石以硐採為主，次為掘性山坑石—即在山坡泥土層中挖掘到的，也稱“獨石”。 主要特點是、顏色變化複雜多樣，有白、灰、粉紅、赭黃、青綠、灰紫等甚至黑色；密度，硬度特點是，大部分山坑石：2.58-2.68g/cm3.Hm=2.3- 2.6.（較有規律性）。 少部分山坑石為2.71-2.82g/cm3，Hm=2.5-2.8，這主要為月尾石、芙蓉石及連江黃等（這些密度較高的山坑石主要為葉臘石型和伊利石型）[1]；有時可見蘿蔔紋或棉砂地，或紋路粗，有格紋，放大觀察常見有石英等包體，也偶見絹雲母、黃鐵礦、赤鐵礦包體，如高山桃花石。


Several similar to Shoushan stone is similar to the identification of jade -1

Abstract: Shoushan stone, with its gentle and delicate, crystal clear stone, colorful, people dizzying color, flexible and moderate, good carving and thousands of beautiful and beautiful carving, to win people's favorite. But Shoushan stone and some similar identification of jade identification is indeed some difficulties. This paper briefly introduces the classification and characteristics of Shoushan stone in order to have a basic understanding of the characteristics of Shoushan stone. It introduces the methods of identification, such as density, hardness, microscopic magnification observation, internal mineral inclusions and luster and color characteristics. Qingtian stone, Balin stone, talc and Changhua Yellowstone, brucite and jade stone and these easy to confuse the jade method and characteristics, in order to achieve the purpose of identification of authenticity.

November 7, 2006, in Hong Kong Sotheby's auction, a two hundred grams of Shou Shan Tian Huangshi paper town to 39.32 million Hong Kong dollars traded. This will undoubtedly promote the Shoushan stone famous at home and abroad, to enhance the stone of the stone in the stone and the "stone emperor" status.
In recent years, people living standards and appreciation ability, people love Shoushan stone, collectors, sealers are also trying to purchase the favorite Shoushan stone jewelry. This is mainly due to the Shoushan stone stone moist and dense, delicate pure pure, crystal clear, unparalleled natural beauty; and after hundreds of years, the number of generations of Fujian artists uncompromising attention to create countless talented Shoushan stone fine. Today, the fine Shoushan stone increasingly scarce, prices are continuing to rise, and driven by lucrative profits, a large number of counterfeit Shou Shan stone fake is also flooding the market. I recently visited some antiques distribution market, to see a lot of Qingtian stone, Balin stone, talc or brucite posing as Shoushan stone jewelry, which is more to play pieces, small carvings, seals and other forms. The author purchased some of these ornaments and used conventional jewelry identification equipment to test its density, hardness, observation of its microscopic characteristics, internal mineral structure, mineral inclusions, color distribution and other characteristics, and with the characteristics of Shoushan stone comparison, trying to Explore the summary of the identification of conventional methods.
A Brief Introduction to the General Classification and Characteristics of Shoushan Stone
Shoushan stone produced in Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, the northern suburbs of Shoushan Village radius of about 100 square kilometers of mountains and streams. The main minerals are ground rock (DK), kaolinite (Ka), pyrophyllite (Py), illite (IL), pearlite (Nc), and a small amount of other minerals [1]. According to mineralogical type kaolinite type, pyrophyllite type and illite type three. According to their output position is divided into Tiankeng stone, puddle stone, mountain stone three categories, and this classification is to follow the history and tradition, is currently recognized classification, this article classification.
1, Tian pit stone is mainly produced in Shoushan Creek and the river farmland, but also the main origin of the Yellowstone. According to its color is divided into Huangtian, Hong Tian, ​​Kuroda, white fields and bovine yolk and other 13 varieties. The main feature is the internal texture of the "radish pattern" (radish peeled, there are woven, such as the network of fine silk pattern, in fact, the structure of the pattern) (Figure A1); skin color appearance, inside light, the surface wrapped with apricot, Yellow or black leather (Figure A2, A3); visible grain was red gluten-like (other species Shoushan stone can have a variety of colors, and Tian Huang's tendons are mostly red, in fact, is a healing fracture and filling iron Quality, etc.) (Figure A3, A4). This is the three characteristics of Tian Huangshi, but also an important basis for identification. Tiankeng stone more transparent, very warm, fine. The density is mostly 2.58-2.62g / cm3, the relative hardness Hm = 2.6 ± (a small number of crows and yellow and brown egg yolk density of up to 2.78g / cm3, Hm = 3.73), the main minerals for the ground stone and pearls, Mineral illite and so on.
2, puddle stone is mainly produced in the upper reaches of Shoushan Creek Hill - pit head of the foot of the foot of the mountain next to the mountain, mostly to the main mining. Because of the abundant water source of the veins, the production is mostly frozen stone, such as crystal frozen (Figure A5), fish brain frozen, agate and other 13 varieties of frozen. It is characterized by its long-term by the groundwater immersion, the formation of a unique unique crystal clear, high transparency, dense and less impurities. Other pit stone Shoushan stone (such as high mountain frozen and other pit) in this area no match. Followed by its small output, producing area is small, small size of the three small features. The third is the density of most 2.61-2.63g / cm3. Relative hardness Hm = 2.61, a few 2.70-2.80g / cm3, Hm = 2.85 ±. Magnified observation, sometimes see hematite was a small star-like distribution, such as peach frozen stone varieties.
Mountain stone, produced in a radius of more than 100 square kilometers of Shoushan, Yueyang two mountains in the rock. The variety of stone species, complex, widely distributed. (Figure A8), Furong stone (Figure A6), are divided into 76 species, such as high mountain stone (Figure A7), are into the pit stone, litchi stone (Figure A8), Furong stone (Figure A6) , Good stone (Figure A4), the tail of the stone, Wen Yan stone, flag stone and so on. The kind of jade to cave mining mainly for the excavation of the mountain stone - that is, in the slope of the soil layer to dig, also known as "monolithic". The main feature is the color changes are complex and diverse, white, gray, pink, ocher yellow, green, gray and purple and even black; density, hardness is characterized by most of the mountain stone: 2.58-2.68g / cm3.Hm = 2.3- 2.6 (more regular). A small part of the pit stone for the 2.71-2.82g / cm3, Hm = 2.5-2.8, which is mainly the tail of the tail, Furong stone and even the river and so on (these higher density of the pit of stone mainly pyrophyllite and Yili Stone type), sometimes visible radish pattern or cotton sand, or lines thick, with checkered, magnified observation of common quartz and other inclusions, also occasionally sericite, pyrite, hematite inclusions, such as Alpine peach stone.
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產地[编辑]

寿山石主要出產於中国福建省福州市市郊北部約30多公里的寿山乡，日溪乡,闽侯县等地。

歷史[编辑]

1954年在褔州倉山區发掘南朝的墓葬群中發現用寿山石雕刻的石猪。距今已有一千五百餘年。歷經唐宋朝雕刻艺術漸漸成形，但作品仍以人物及动物石俑為主。現褔州市博物館藏有以上這些雕刻作品。元明朝開始與起用叶腊石制印，寿山石成為印石材料的一個重要品種，同時寿山石的雕刻艺術也随着產生并逐步发展。直至清朝初年楊玉璇、周彬等雕刻名家出現，促使東门、西门两個流派逐漸形成。

品种[编辑]

寿山石有田坑，水坑，山坑之分。石坑寿山，角山，九茶山，月尾溪，都灵坑，坑头洞，水晶洞等处。

田坑[编辑]

主条目：田黄

田坑產自寿山鄉一帶溪旁水田底所埋藏的零散獨石。田黄石是田坑的簡稱。在地質学上稱為“冲積型砂礦”外觀特征：質地溫潤可愛，微透明或半透明，石肌里隱隱可現蘿蔔狀細紋，顏色外濃而向內逐漸变淡，石表有時裹黄色、白色、灰黑色或黑色的（鳥雅皮）石皮。間有紅色格紋。其品種主要按色澤區分。通常分為：田黃石、白田石、銀裹金石、紅田石、綠田石、黑田石、田黃凍、硬田、擱溜田和溪管獨石等。

水坑[编辑]

水坑產自寿山鄉南面的坑頭礦脉。由於礦體地下水豐富，礦石受其浸蝕，多呈透明狀，富光澤。水坑諸石多出於此。水坑石的品種主要以每一块礦石的色象形似而區分：

• 水晶凍
• 鱼腦凍，又称作白水晶，晶玉，产自坑头洞和水晶洞
• 黃凍
• 鱔草凍，又称作鳝脊冻，仙草冻，产自坑头洞和水晶洞，灰中带黄者为好
• 牛角凍，产自坑头洞，颜色有如牛角，而
• 天藍凍，又称作蔚蓝天，产自坑头洞和水晶洞
• 桃花凍
• 瓜瓤红，又称作肉脂、坑头冻、西瓜水、小桃红，产自坑头洞，颜色红如桃花，白如玉
• 瑪瑙凍
• 環凍，又称作豹皮冻，产自坑头洞，水晶洞，颜色灰绿褐色，有环状花纹，如豹皮。
• 坑頭石，产自坑头洞，坑头洞石除各种晶、冻以外统称坑头石
• 掘性坑頭
• 凍油石

山坑[编辑]

山坑產自寿山、月洋两個山村。山坑是分佈最廣，品種最多的石系。主要品種：

• 高山石，产自高山各洞，颜色很多，有红、黄、蓝、白等色。（紅高山、白高山、高山凍、高山晶、太極頭、掘性高山、瑪瑙洞、荔枝洞等等）
• 杜陵坑，又称作都灵坑，都成坑，都丞坑（黄杜陵、紅杜陵、白杜陵、五彩杜陵、掘性杜陵、尼姑樓、蛇匏、善伯洞、碓下黄、掘性碓下）
  • 迷翠寮，又称作美醉寮，产自都灵坑山顶，质地细腻，质地莹澈不如都灵石，有黄，淡灰，藕粉红等色。
  • 蘆蔭，产自寿山乡，有黄，淡灰，淡黄，淡黑和白色。
  • 鹿目格，也称作鸽眼红，红地有蓝白点，不透明。
• 月尾石，产自月尾溪（月尾紫，月尾綠、月尾凍、月尾晶）
• 虎崗石（栲栳山、獅頭石、花坑石）
• 金獅峰，产自月尾溪对面山中，品种有房櫳岩、鬼洞、野竹桁。
• 吊筧石，也称作豆耿，产自吊筧山，品种有吊筧凍、虎皮凍、雞角嶺。
• 連江黄
• 山仔瀨，又称作山井籁，产自日溪乡东坪村，有黄，红，白，黑等色。
• 柳坪石，产自寿山北十里柳坪乡，品种有柳坪紫、柳坪晶、黄洞崗。
• 猴柴磹（檳榔九茶岩、白九茶、豹皮凍、無頭佛坑）
• 旗降石，又称作奇艮石、奇岗石，产自寿山村北的旗降山（黃旗降、白旗降、紫旗降、银裹金李紅旗降、金裹银旗降、掘性旗降）
• 老嶺石（老嶺黃、老嶺青、老嶺晶、老嶺通、大山通、豆葉青、圭貝石、墩洋綠、雄堆綠）
• 旗山石（水洞灣、牛蛋黄、寺坪石、煨烏）
  • 水蓮花，产自旗山，有白，灰，红三色
  • 雞母孵，又称作鸡母窝，产自旗山，有黄，红，白三色，以黄色为佳。
  • 馬頭崗，产自旗山，有色黄如鹅蛋者，也有带灰色和豆青色。
  • 大洞黄，产自旗山，以软黄为佳。
  • 三界黄，产自旗山，红白黄三色，以软黄为佳。
• 月洋石（半粗、綠若通、竹頭窩、竹頭粗、峨嵋石、溪蛋）
  • 芙蓉冻，产自月洋乡，质地温润细腻，颜色有藕尖白，猪油白，淡黄色，嫩青色。根据颜色可分为黄芙蓉、白芙蓉、紅芙蓉、青芙蓉、花芙蓉（紅花凍）等，根据产地分为將軍洞芙蓉、上洞芙蓉、
  • 半山冻，产自月洋乡，颜色有李果红，花红，黄白几种，与芙蓉冻相似。根据颜色可分为白半山，黄半山、紅半山、花半山。

寿山石与其它产地印章石比较[编辑]

寿山石与青田石的产地特征比较（依据朱选民2011年珠宝研究表明）

• 主要矿物方面:青田石的主要矿物为叶蜡石，以叶蜡石为主的青田石约占青田石品种总数的70%以上，而寿山石的主要矿物为地开石(高岭石族矿物)。
• 次要矿物方面:蓝线石、红柱石、刚玉，特别是近宝石级的单晶体蓝刚玉为青田石的特征次要矿物。青田石中的叶蜡石较少伴生有硬水铝石，寿山石中的叶蜡石常伴生有大量的硬水铝石次要矿物。
• 新品种方面:青田石和寿山石中均发现有绢云母型新品种。
• 珍贵品种的矿物组成:寿山石中的珍贵品种田黄石的矿物组成为珍珠陶石和地开石，而青田石中的珍贵品种灯光冻的矿物组成为叶蜡石。
• 结构有序度方面:青田石的内部结构有序度普遍高于寿山石。
• 透明度方面:青田石的透明度普遍低于寿山石。因为青田石以叶蜡石为主，矿物组成复杂，次要矿物丰富，结构相对疏松，含铁量较多。而寿山石以地开石为主。一般来讲，叶蜡石型印章石的透明度低于地开石型印章石。
• 分类方面:青田石目前分为叶蜡石型、地开石型、伊利石型和绢云母型。寿山石分为田坑、山坑、水坑、原生矿、次生矿。
• 青田石、寿山石的产地特征存在差异与它们的母源岩性、成矿环境和蚀变作用差异有关。

Origin [edit]
Shoushan stone mainly produced in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China's northern suburbs about 30 kilometers of Shoushan Township, on the river Township, Minhou County and other places.
History [edit]
In 1954 in the Cangshan District of Fuzhou to explore the southern tombs found in Shou Shan stone carved stone pig. Has been more than 1,500 years ago. After the Tang and Song Dynasties carving art gradually forming, but the works are still characters and animal stone figurines. Fuzhou City Museum is now possession of these carving works. Yuan and Ming dynasty began with the use of pyrophyllite printing, Shoushan stone as an important species of Indian stone material, while Shou Shan stone carving art also with the gradual development and development. Until the early Qing Dynasty Yang Yuxuan, Zhou Bin and other carving masters, to promote the East Gate, Simon two schools gradually formed.
Variety [edit]
Shoushan stone field pit, puddle, mountain pit points. Stone pit Shoushan, mountain, nine tea mountain, the end of the river, Turin pit, pit head hole, crystal hole, etc.
Tiankeng [edit]
Main article: Tian Huang
Tian pit produced in Shoushan Township along the side of the river buried in the bottom of the scattered monolithic stone. Tian Huang Shi is Tian Kong short. Geology known as the "alluvial type of sand" Appearance features: texture warm and lovely, slightly transparent or translucent, stone muscle faint can be carrot-like fine lines, the color outside the thick and gradually fade inward, sometimes Wrapped in yellow, white, grayish black or black (bird yuppie) stone skin. Between the red checkered. Its varieties are mainly divided by color. Usually divided into: Tian Huangshi, white Tian Shi, silver wrapped stone, Hong Tian Shi, green stone, Kuroda stone, Tian Huang frozen, hard fields, put the field and the river tube monolithic stone.
Puddle
The puddle is produced from the pit head of the south of Shoushan Township. As the ore body rich in groundwater, ore by its erosion, mostly transparent, rich luster. Puddle stone more out of this. The varieties of puddle stone are distinguished by the color of each piece of ore:• Crystal frozen• Frozen brain, also known as white crystal, crystal jade, produced from the pit hole and crystal hole• FrozenEel grass frozen, also known as eel ridge frozen, immortal grass frozen, produced from the pit hole and crystal cave, gray with yellow as well• horns are frozen, from the pit hole, the color is like a horn, and• Sky blue, also known as blue sky, from the pit hole and crystal hole• Peach blossomMelon flesh red, also known as flesh, pits, frozen, watermelon water, small pink, produced from the pit hole, the color red as peach, white jade• Agate Frozen• Ring frozen, also known as leopard skin frozen, produced from the pit head hole, crystal hole, color grayish brown, with a ring pattern, such as leopard skin.• Pithead stone, produced from the pit head hole, pit head stone in addition to a variety of crystal, frozen other than the pit head stoneDug pits• Frozen stone
Hills [edit]
Hill produced in Shoushan, on the two mountain village. Pit is the most widely distributed, the largest variety of stone system. Main varieties:Alpine stone, produced in the mountains of the hole, a lot of color, red, yellow, blue, white and other colors. (Red mountains, white mountains, alpine frozen, alpine crystal, Taiji head, digging mountain, agate hole, litchi hole, etc.)• Duling pit, also known as the Turin pit, are into the pit, all Cheng Hang (Huang Duling, red Duling, white Duling, colorful Du Ling, digging Duling, Nun Lou, snake, good Bo hole, pestle Under the yellow, dug under the pestle) ◦ fans Cui Liao, also known as the United States drunk Liao, produced in the top of the Tomb of the Turin, fine texture, texture is not as bright as the Lingshi, yellow, gray, lotus root pink and other colors.◦ Lu Yin, produced in Shoushan Township, with yellow, light gray, light yellow, light black and white.◦ deer deer, also known as pigeons jealous, red and blue and white, opaque.
• month tail stone, produced from the end of the river (on the end of purple, the end of the month, the end of the month, the end of the moon crystal)• Tiger stone (Castanopsis Hill, lion head stone, flower stone)• Golden Lion Peak, produced in the mountains across the mountain, the species has room rock, ghost hole, wild bamboo truss.• hanging stone, also known as Dou Geng, produced from the hanging mountain, species are hanging frozen, tiger skin frozen, chicken ridge.• Lianjiang yellow• Yamazawa Seto, also known as the mountain well, produced in the town of Dongping Village, with yellow, red, white, black and other colors.• Liu Ping Shi, produced in Shou Shan North ten Liuping Township, varieties are Liu Ping purple, Liu Pingjing, Huang Donggang.• Monkey Chai Chai (betel nut nine tea rock, white nine tea, leopard skin frozen, no head Buddha pit)The flag stone, also known as the gmbong stone, odd stone, produced in Shoushan Village North flag mountain (yellow flag down, white flag down, purple flag drop, silver wrapped gold Li Hongqi drop, gold wrapped silver flag drop, Digging flag)• Old Ridge Rock (Old Ridge Huang, Laowing Qing, Laolingjing, Laolingtong, Dashan Tong, Dou Yeqing, Guibei Shi, pier Yang Green, Xiongju green)• Qianshan stone (water hole bay, cattle egg yolk, temple Pingshi, simmer black) ◦ water lotus flower, produced from the flag mountain, white, gray, red three◦ chickens hatched, also known as chicken maternal nest, produced from the flag mountain, yellow, red, white three colors, yellow is better.◦ Ma Tougang, produced from the Qishan, colored yellow, such as goose, there are gray and beans blue.◦ big hole yellow, produced in Qishan, soft yellow is better.◦ three circles of yellow, produced in the Qishan, red and white three-color, soft yellow is better.
● urn 芙 frozen, produced in the moon on the ocean, the texture of gentle and delicate, the color of lotus root white, lard white, purple, white, Pale yellow, tender blue. According to the color can be divided into yellow hibiscus, white hibiscus, red hibiscus, green hibiscus, flower hibiscus (safflower), etc., according to origin is divided into general hibiscus,◦ half of the mountain frozen, produced in the moon, the color of Li Guohong, bonuses, yellow and white, and similar to the Furong frozen. According to the color can be divided into white half mountain, yellow half mountain, red mountain, flowers Mid-levels.

Shoushan stone and other origin seal stone comparison [edit]
Comparison of the Origin of Shoushan Stone and Qingtian Stone (According to Zhu Xuanmin's 2011 Jewelery Study)Main mineral aspects: Qingtian stone is the main mineral pyrophyllite, pyrophyllite-based Qingtian stone accounted for more than 70% of the total number of Qingtian stone varieties, and Shoushan stone is the main mineral for the ground stone (kaolinite minerals).• Secondary mineral aspects: Blue line stone, andalusite, corundum, especially near-gem-level single crystal blue corundum is a characteristic secondary mineral for Qingtian stone. Qingtian stone in the pyrophyllite less associated with hard boehmite, Shoushan stone in the pyrophyllite is often associated with a large number of secondary minerals.• New varieties: Serratite new varieties are found in Qingtian stone and Shoushan stone.• Precious species of mineral composition: Shoushan stone in the precious species of Yellowstone mineral composition of pearl stone and ground stone, and Qingtian stone in the precious varieties of frozen mineral composition of pyrophyllite.• Order of order: Qingtian stone internal structure order degree is generally higher than Shou Shan stone.• Transparency: The transparency of the Qingtian stone is generally lower than that of Shoushan Stone. Because Qingtian stone to pyrophyllite-based, complex mineral composition, secondary mineral rich, relatively loose structure, more iron content. And Shoushan stone to ground-based stone. In general, the transparency of the pyrophyllite seal stone is lower than that of the ground stone type.• Classification: Qingtian stone is currently divided into pyrophyllite type, ground stone type, illite type and sericite type. Shoushan stone is divided into Tiankeng, mountain pit, puddle, primary ore, secondary mine.• The differences in the origin characteristics of the Qingtian stone and Shoushan stone are related to their maternal lithology, metallogenic environment and alteration.

田黄是叶腊石的一种，是制作印章的珍品石材，與其他產至寿山的石材，統稱為“壽山石”。从颜色上分，田黄主要分黄、白、紅、黑四色；黄的称“田黄”，白的称“白田”，紅的稱“紅田”，黑的稱“黑田”，黄白兼有者称“金裹银”。其中以田黄为贵，而黃色又分有黃金黃色、枇杷黃、桂花黃及熟栗黃等。
田黄石质较软，溫潤膩凝。田黄石一般都含有石花，这种石花近似糠萝卜状，以遍体有糠萝卜纹者尤其珍贵，除此之外，一般亦有石根石格以及帶有石皮。
田黄石主要产自中国福建省莆田市、福州市晋安区的寿山等地，而壽山集中在壽山溪和溪邊田地出產，在溪上游出產的稱“上板田”，中游產的稱“中板田”，下游產的稱“下板田”，再下是“唯下板田”。當中以“中板田”色泽最黄，“下板田”的冻田黄石質最佳。而大块的田黄石材极难得，价值也极高，是以每克來計算。此地有俗话称“天生瑰宝出闽中”。


Tian Huang is a kind of pyrophyllite, is the production of seals of the treasures of stone, and other products to Shoushan stone, collectively referred to as "Shoushan stone." Yellow called "Tian Huang", white called "white field", red called "Hong Tian", black called "Kuroda", the black, Huang Bai both called "gold wrapped silver". Which is yellow and expensive, while the yellow is divided into golden yellow, loquat yellow, sweet-scented osmanthus yellow and cooked chestnut yellow and so on. Tianhuang stone is soft, warm and greasy condensate. Tian Huangshi generally contain stone flowers, this stone flower is similar to the bran radish-like, to the body with bran radish pattern is particularly precious, in addition, there are also stone and stone with stone skin. Tian Huangshi mainly produced in China's Putian City, Fujian Province, Fuzhou City, Shanxi Province, Shoushan and other places, and Shoushan concentrated in Shoushan Creek and Creek field production, produced in the upper reaches of the river called "on the plate" "In the plate field", the downstream production called "under the plate field", and then under the "only under the board field." Among them, "in the plate field" color of the most yellow, "under the plate field" frozen soil yellow stone quality best. And large pieces of Tianhuang stone is extremely rare, the value is also very high, is calculated per gram. Here is the saying goes, "born treasure out of Fujian."

雞血石產於浙江臨安市昌化鎮、內蒙古赤峰市巴林右旗、陝西旬陽縣等地，作為中國四大國石之一，與壽山石、青田石、巴林石齊名。而其中以昌化雞血石和巴林雞血石最為著名。
昌化雞血石，又名鳳血石，產於浙江省杭州臨安市昌化鎮西北面的玉岩山。該石是含辰砂礦物的緻密塊狀葉蠟石，具有鮮活艷麗如同雞血的色彩和亮麗剔透似美玉般的光澤，因其石色彩艷紅如雞血而得名。可用於製作印章、雕刻工藝品和原石欣賞。亦是我國最著名的四大系印章石之一。
關於昌化雞血石的形成有許多傳說，多與鳳凰有關。相傳，古代有一種鳥，叫「鳥獅」，生性好鬥。一天，覓食飛過玉岩山，見一凰正在孵蛋，頓生惡念，向其發起攻擊。毫無準備的凰被咬斷了腿。鳳聞訊趕到，同仇敵愾，戰勝了「鳥獅」。鳳凰雖然勝利了，但凰鮮血直流，染紅了整個玉岩山，遂成了光澤瑩透如美玉的雞血石。

中國人對於雞血石的認識始於明代初年，據史書記載，最早發現昌化雞血石的是上溪鄉玉山村一位農民，他在村莊對面康山嶺西側砍樵小憩時，見腳下露出地表的岩石晶瑩如玉，紅似雞血，艷麗非凡。出於好奇，他用鐵杵鑿下一塊帶回家中，村民們爭相觀賞，愛不釋手。由於昌化石軟硬適中，適宜鐫刻，特別是鮮紅的「血色」，不僅艷麗，而且象徵著吉祥，因此迅速傳揚開來，得到宮廷和工藝美術界的喜愛，迅速被列為中國圖章石之珍貴品種。相傳在一段時間內，獻玉石者可得官，稱之「玉石官」。
民間傳說，收藏雞血石會帶來好運，百姓藏之，可興家辟邪；帝王藏之，可鎮國安邦。清代官吏帽飾中，以花翎紅頂代表最高官位品級。雞血石紅曾代替珊瑚紅、瑪瑙紅為最高頂花品飾，可見雞血石當時身價之高。數百年來，昌化雞血石石一直受到文人雅士、商賈富豪、達官貴人，甚至帝王將相珍愛與收藏。
清代歷代皇帝與后妃多選昌化雞血石作為玉璽。乾隆49年，乾隆帝南巡到天目時，禪源寺主持獻給一方雞血石，乾隆帶去京刻了「乾隆之寶」玉璽一方。如今這方玉璽仍藏在故宮博物館的珍寶館「列代帝王印章六十八顆」之中，並註明有「用昌化雞血石雕刻」字樣。


昌化石石質相對多砂，一般都較壽山石和青田石稍堅，且硬度變化較大。質地也不如二者細膩。但也有質地細嫩者及各種顏色凍石。昌化石的顏色有白、黑、紅、黃、灰等各種顏色，品種也細分成很多種，多以顏色劃分。如白色者稱「白昌化」，黑色或灰色雜黑色者稱「黑昌化」，多色相間者則稱「花昌化」。而昌化石中，自古至今，自國內海外，最負盛名的便是「印石三寶」之一的「昌化雞血石」了。

Chicken blood stone produced in Lin'an City, Zhejiang Province Changhua Town, Inner Mongolia Chifeng City Bahrain Youqi, Shaanxi Xunyang County, as one of China's four major national stone, and Shoushan stone, Qingtian stone, Balin stone par. The Changhua chicken blood stone and Bahrain chicken bloodstone is the most famous.
Changhua chicken blood stone, also known as Fung blood stone, produced in Lin'an City, Zhejiang Province, Changhua Town, northwest of the jade rock. The stone is a dense block containing pyrophyllite mineral pyrophyllite, with fresh bright as chicken blood color and brightly carved like jade-like luster, because of its stone color red as chicken blood named. Can be used to make seals, carving crafts and enjoy the original stone. Is also one of the most famous four seal stone.
Changhua chicken blood on the formation of many legends, and more about the Phoenix. According to legend, there is a bird in ancient times, called "bird lion", nature of aggressive. One day, foraging fly over Yuyan Hill, see a phoenix is ​​hatching eggs, Dayton evil thoughts, to attack. Unprepared Phoenix was bitten off the leg. Feng heard the news arrived, a common enemy, defeated the "bird lion." Although the victory of the Phoenix, but the Phoenix blood DC, the red jade mountain, then became shiny Yingying, such as jade jade bloodstone.

Chinese people for the understanding of bloodstone began in the early Ming Dynasty, according to historical records, the earliest discovery of Changhua Chicken Bloodstone is a farmer in the village of Yushan Village, Kang mountain opposite his village in the west side of woodcutting rest, see the foot of the rock exposed Crystal jade, red like chicken blood, gorgeous extraordinary. Out of curiosity, he chiseled down with a Tiechu home, the villagers competing to watch, put it down. As the Chang fossil soft and hard moderate, suitable for engraving, especially the bright red "blood", not only beautiful, but also a symbol of good fortune, so quickly spread to get the court and the arts and crafts industry favorite, quickly classified as China Stones precious Variety. According to legend, in a period of time, offer jade who can get official, called "jade official".
Folklore, the collection of bloodstone will bring good luck, the people of possession, can Xingjia evil spirits; possession of the emperor, the country can peace. Qing Dynasty official hat decorated to the top of the highest grade of flowers Ling red top grade. Bloodstone red instead of coral, agate red for the highest top flower ornaments, visible chicken bloodstone was worth high. For centuries, Changhua chicken blood stone has been literati, merchants Regal, dignitaries, and even the emperor will cherish and collectors.
Qing dynasty emperors and emperors choose Changhua chicken bloodstone as jade seal. Qianlong 49 years, the Qianlong Emperor Tour to the head of the South, the Chanyuan Temple presided over a party dedicated to bloodstone, Qianlong brought to Beijing carved "Qianlong treasure" jade seal party. Today, the party is still hidden in the Palace Museum of the Treasure Museum, "Lie on behalf of the emperor 's seal of 68", and marked with "Changhua chicken blood carving" message.


Changhua stone relatively more sand, generally more than Shoushan stone and Qingtian stone a little firm, and the hardness changes. Texture is not as delicate as the two. But there are also fine texture and a variety of colors frozen stone. Chang fossil colors are white, black, red, yellow, gray and other colors, the variety is also broken down into many species, mostly color division. Such as white, said "white Changhua", black or gray miscellaneous black called "black Changhua", multi-color and white, said "Hua Changhua." Changhua Stone, since ancient times, since the domestic and overseas, the most prestigious is the "Indian Stone Sambo" one of the "Changhua Chicken Bloodstone."

 

 

雞血石是辰砂條帶的地開石，其顏色比朱砂還鮮紅。因為它的顏色像雞血一樣鮮紅，所以人們俗稱雞血石。 中國最早發現的雞血石是浙江昌化玉巖山雞血石。後來又發現瞭內蒙古赤峰市巴林右旗的巴林雞血石。20世紀90年代又在陜西、甘肅、四川、湖南、雲南等地發現瞭雞血石。

雞血石 -由來

雞血石印章雞血石是辰砂條帶的地開石，其顏色比朱砂還鮮紅。因為它的顏色像雞血一樣鮮紅，所以人們俗稱雞血石。 中國最早發現的雞血石是浙江昌化玉巖山雞血石。後來又發現瞭內蒙古赤峰市巴林右旗的巴林雞血石。20世紀90年代又在陜西、甘肅、四川、湖南、雲南等地發現瞭雞血石。由於現在的昌化朱砂(汞礦)已近尾聲，所以出產的雞血石產量相當有限，市場價格日增不衰。
相傳，古代有一種鳥，叫“鳥獅”，又稱鳳鳥，生性好鬥。一天，覓食飛過玉巖山，見一凰正在孵蛋，頓生惡念，向其發起攻擊。毫無準備的凰被咬斷瞭腿。鳳聞訊趕到，同仇敵愾，戰勝瞭“鳥獅”。鳳凰雖然勝利瞭，但凰鮮血直流，染紅瞭整個玉巖山，遂成瞭光澤瑩透如美玉的雞血石。據考證，雞血石的開采始於明代，而盛名於清代，康熙、乾隆、嘉慶等皇帝十分賞識昌化雞血石，將其作為寶璽的章料。國傢郵政局日前發行的一套《雞血石印》特種郵票印的就是兩方寶璽。
上世紀70年代初，日本前首相田中角榮、前外相大平正芳來我國訪問，周恩來總理將昌化雞血石對章，作為國禮饋贈兩位貴賓。操刀奏石者是集雲閣篆刻傢沈受覺、劉友石先生。於是，雞血石在日本名聲大噪，掀起瞭一股收藏雞血石熱潮。大批日本遊客來華時，必將雞血石作為首選禮品帶回國內。在我國，國人對雞血石的收藏投資熱情也逐年上升。

雞血石 -主要成份

昌化雞血石雞血石含有辰砂、(朱砂)、石英、方解石、輝銻礦、地開石、高嶺石、白雲石等礦物，且大部分含硫化汞等多種成份的矽酸鹽礦物。產地不同，質地成分也不同，但都離不開硫化汞成分。
雞血石由“地”和“血”兩部組成。一般認為“血”的礦物成分主要是辰矽。“地“的成分，如昌化雞血石，其“地”的礦物成分以粘土礦物中的地開石為主，也含有相當量的高嶺石，明礬石、埃洛石、石英、黃鐵礦等。
巴林雞血石主要是高嶺石和硬水鋁石；而質地較為細膩的黑凍雞血石和芙蓉凍雞血石的主要礦物成分為地開石和辰砂；前些年在吉林某金礦之頂部發現有近似“金頂紅”的脈石英致密塊體，其中辰砂非常細小，質地堅硬細膩，也是硬地含辰砂石料，當地稱朱砂玉。

雞血石 -形狀

各種形狀的雞血石雞血石沒有固定的形狀，叫塊石狀，它的色狀有塊血、條血、梅花血、浮雲血。
塊血：分佈沒有規律，東生—塊、西生一塊，有的塊石表面有一大塊紅色，而裏面面一點紅的都沒有；有的恰拾相反，所以購買雞血石毛科風險很大。
條血：分佈有規律。
梅花血：象梅被開放一樣，整個石頭都是星星點。
浮雲血：它生在寬帶或條帶的間接處，即象條血又象梅花血。所以它的血形象天上的浮雲一樣。
【顏色】
雞血石的顏色有鮮紅、淡紅、紫紅、暗紅等，最可貴的是帶有活性的鮮紅血形。

雞血石 -傳說

雞血石工業品
昌化雞血石出產於浙江省臨安市昌化鎮西50 公裏的浙西大峽谷源頭—海拔1300 餘米的玉巖山、屬天目山系，為仙霞嶺山脈的北支，周圍群山環抱，峻嶺綿延，高山峽谷形成瞭獨特的氣候條件，當地民謠為：板橋直壟通，風雨不斷蹤。夏天蓋棉被，十月雪花飄。在雞血石產地，有許多有關雞血石的傳說，這其中之一便是鳳凰滅蝗蟲，血灑玉巖山。
傳說，遠古時，一對美麗的鳳凰在天庭翱翔時，不時聽到哀怨之聲，俯首一看，見蝗蟲成災，瘟疫流行，作物不長，滿目荒涼，百姓愁苦。善良正義的鳳凰見此情景，決意以自己的力量去消滅蝗害，驅散瘟疫，匡扶生靈。通過努力，美好的願望實現瞭，感恩的百姓，請求鳳凰留下，共同沐浴晨歌與暮曲。鳳凰被百姓的精誠所感動，在一座山巔——康山嶺，築起瞭鳳凰沼棲居，不久鳳凰沼周圍，所有山巖，變得潔白透明，如同白玉一般，玉巖山由此得名。玉巖山上百鳥齊鳴，玉巖山下百姓安居樂業。但就在這時，山上來瞭一對強橫的鳥獅，它們見到鳳凰巢居在如此美麗的山頭，創造如此輝煌的業績，受到百姓的恩戴產生瞭忌妒之心，從而決心將鳳凰趕走，占據鳳凰沼。一天，正當雌鳳凰進入孵育期，雄鳳外出覓食之際，偷襲鳳巢，攻擊雌鳳凰，雌鳳凰勇敢地與之博鬥，鳳獅之戰使得玉巖山上風聲鶴唳，日月無光。雄鳳回巢時，雌鳳凰被鳥獅啄斷瞭一條腿，血灑玉巖山，最後，鳳凰含著悲憤仍由自己的智慧和力量擊敗瞭鳥獅，含淚掩埋瞭被無辜踐踏的鳳凰蛋後騰空而去。
鳳凰離去，百姓痛惜萬分，他們對天祈禱，請求神靈保佑正義的鳳凰。百姓的誠意，鳳凰的啼血，感動瞭天地。玉皇大帝派皇太子下凡視察實情，令地藏菩薩將鳳凰血和鳳凰蛋點化成美麗的丹石，並賦予瞭塊塊丹石逢兇化吉，驅邪揚善，懲惡佈愛的力量。從此，玉巖山上鳳凰血和鳳凰蛋經過千萬年的埋藏，而成瞭今天的稀世珍貴——雞血石，雞血石本應叫鳳血石，這是後人在開采礦時發現它的色彩與剛宰殺的雞血滴在玉石上相似，才習慣稱作“雞血石”。

雞血石 -所處位置

雞血石產自低溫熱液礦床、火山巖或熱泉沉積礦的朱砂條帶的頭尾及邊緣地帶，產量相當有限。

雞血石 -用途

雞血石主要用作印章及工藝雕刻品材料。

雞血石 -形成和開采

雞血石產地巴林1、形成
雞血石為朱砂（硫化汞） 滲透到高嶺石，地開石之中而形成，這樣兩者交融，共生一體的天然寶石，在國內外是極為罕見的。
2、性狀
雞血的成份是硫化汞，石質則為地開石或高嶺石，硬度為2—3度。石中時常帶有水銀斑及少量的石英顆粒突起於石表面。雞血中除主要成份為硫化汞外，還含有少量的致色元素鐵、鈦，它們是深色染劑，它的含量多少是雞血呈現不同紅色的主要原因，含量多則血色呈暗紅色。另外，雞血石也含有不同的感光元素硒、碲，這也是雞血在光照和熱烤下退色或變色（呈現暗紅）的主要原因。
3、分佈
昌化雞血石產地在浙江省臨安縣上溪鄉玉巖山，礦洞分佈在康山嶺一帶。
4、開采
雞血石開采於明初，當時雞血石露出巖石表層，古人根據熱漲冷縮的原理開采，在露出巖石表面的雞血石上燒柴，巖石全部燒熱後，用冰冷的溪水澆潑，使石頭分裂，再用鐵鏟很容易即把雞血石采下。這樣的采法少有裂紋，但雞血石在沒有開采出前很可能多已變黑或變暗，而采出量也非常小。這種采法一直延續到清末民初，基於表層露頭的雞血石都已采竭，改用炸藥爆眼，再用手掘或機掘深挖
5、如何鑒別真假雞血石
帶血色的石頭稱為雞血石，不帶血色的則稱為昌化石。
品評雞血石，首先是看“血”的紅色，以其鮮、凝、厚為佳。鮮者紅如淋漓之鮮血；凝者聚而不散；厚者指有厚度有層次深透於石層中者。另外雞血石的地張也是判斷雞血石的重要依據。地張就是紅色染在什麼樣的石頭上。雞血石的地張以純凈、半透明，無釘與血之鮮紅色彩交相輝映者為上品。雞血石的品樣可分為方形、長方形、橢圓形、圓形、畸形，尺寸大致以5——2公分的徑邊為宜。
雞血石的質地細膩，帶韌性，結構緊密，受刀不崩。
好的雞血石都不加雕琢，以做印章為最宜。可以這麼說，凡是加雕刻的雞血一般都為遮掩其疵，是不足為貴的。
由於雞血石質佳價高，作偽者很多。雞血石的作偽方法大體上有下面幾種：
（l）鑲嵌法，采一質地較好的昌化石章，選擇幾面醒目的地方，分別挖出一個個深淺不一的小坑，然後用紅色的流化汞塗料嵌入，待其自然陰幹後，再磨光上蠟。不過，這種嵌入的雞血（硫化汞）沒有層次，同時血與昌化石的交接處色澤生硬，沒有過渡。
（2）浸漬法，取一方昌化石，在需要的地方塗上硫化汞，陰幹再塗，再陰幹，使其血稍有層次，然後放在透明的樹脂裏浸漬，務使周身浸到，拾起晾幹，再用細水沙打光即成。用這種方法做成的假雞血石，因樹脂易老化，日久表皮會泛黃，與內部的石色不相協調；同時樹脂表皮的毛孔比較粗。用放大鏡仔細觀察，其表面有一點點細小的擦眼。
（3）切片貼皮法，用切割機把石章的六個平面分別切割出薄如紙的六面。於其內需要的地方塗上硫化汞。待晾幹後再用熱燙的辦法和以膠水把原來切割下來的六個薄片按原樣貼回去，然後把薄片與膠合處的線角磨光。這樣雞血的紅色看起來生在石章裏面，而且自然分佈。但血的層次畢竟隻能停留在一個平面上。此類石章，隻能局限於正方形或長方形的石章，其他的都不行。因為圓形和畸形的石章無法割斷和刻邊款，這樣薄片燙貼的痕跡就顯露出來瞭。
（4）添補法，這是在真雞血石上，再添加硫化汞，並在添加的部分表面罩上一層極薄的樹脂，磨光後即成。這類方法是在血上加血，無疑是錦上添花，價值大增。同時真中有假、假假真真。所以對於特別好的雞血石，在觀察時必須注意和聯想到作偽者的手法，方可避免“大意失荊州”的後果。
目前，最著名的雞血石按產地命名分別是昌化雞血石和巴林雞血石。按質地一般分為4大類：凍地雞血石、軟地雞血石、軟鋼板地雞血石和硬鋼板地雞血石。它同壽山田黃並列，享有“印石皇後”的美稱，為中國印文化的發展作出瞭巨大貢獻。

雞血石 -品種與鑒賞

 
昌化雞血石可分為凍地、軟地、剛地和硬地四大類。凍地雞血石為玻璃凍、羊脂凍、牛角凍、桃花凍等，微透明或半透明，硬度在2—3級。軟地雞血石的硬度為2—4級，剛地雞血石是高嶺石、明礬石巖經後期矽化的產物，硬度在4—7級。硬地雞血石是成礦過程中矽化作用的產物，地質學名為辰砂矽化凝灰巖或含辰砂矽質巖，主要成份SiO2，其硬度大於7級。
昌化雞血石的品質是血和地。血色為鮮紅、正紅、深紅、紫紅等，雞血的形狀有塊紅、條紅、星紅、霞紅等，並能達到鮮、凝、厚為佳，深沉有厚度，深透石中，有集結或斑佈均衡為佳。血量少於 10%者為一般，少於30%為中檔，大於30%者為高檔，大於50%者為珍品，70%以上者珍貴難得。全紅或六面血為極品。紅而通靈的雞血石稱為“大紅袍”，??紅色“雞血”以外，底色尚有黑、白、黃、綠、藍、灰褐、紫、青等基本顏色，再加上濃淡深淺不一的各種色彩相互融合，天然渾成，不須人工雕鑿，已構成一幅幅自然美麗的圖案。黑白地與雞血三色的稱為“劉關張”，也是奇妙之品，色彩奇麗，變化萬千。除此之外，昌化雞血石石質中，還具有“細、紅、潤、膩、溫、凝”之六德。
根據雞血石的血色和質地可分為：大紅袍、玻璃凍、田黃凍、羊脂凍、牛角凍、朱砂凍、藕粉凍、五彩凍、桃紅凍、豆青凍、瑪瑙凍、木紋凍、魚腦凍、魚子凍、蛇皮凍、雪花凍等。

 

 

雞血石 -巴林雞血石

巴林雞血石王中國的雞血石按其產出地域區分為昌化雞血石與巴林雞血石。昌化雞血石產於浙江省昌化縣以西約４０公裏名為上溪的深山之中。巴林雞血石產於內蒙古巴林右旗，其地子細潤，透明度好，以凍地為主，不含＂砂釘＂雞血石上的紅色按形態可分為片紅、條紅、斑紅、點點、團紅等數種。紅色的凝結程度越高，分佈越集中，占據面積越大越好，石頭的身價也就越高。有的雞血石的質地與血色天然成趣，令人激動，惹人喜愛，於是人們便為它貫以漂亮的名字：比如，石頭或印章的外表全部被雞血所覆蓋的，被稱為＂大紅袍＂；印章的頂部有紅色，身體部分的石質通透似肉凍的，被稱為＂鶴頂紅＂；石頭上有紅、黑、白（或黃）三種顏色相伴而生的，因為與《三國演義》中的劉備、關羽、張飛的臉譜相契合，所以被稱為＂劉、關、張＂或＂桃園三結義＂。另外還有周帶紅、滿點紅、多彩紅等等，都是觀賞與收藏的佳品。
雞血石主要產於浙江省昌化地區和內蒙古的巴林右旗。巴林右旗盛產巴林 石。巴林石的質地溫潤，色澤豐富，適合篆刻雕刻，是很好的印章石，也是觀賞石中的佼佼者。巴林石分為雞血石類，凍石類和彩石類。礦物成分主要為：地開石、高嶺石、辰砂等。一塊好的雞血石，石質純凈，血色鮮艷奪目，地子與血能夠彼此地呼應。雞血石按照血色分，有鮮紅、大紅、暗紅等等。按照形態分有片紅、條紅、斑紅等數種。總的來說血色凝結程度越高，分佈越集中，占據面積較大的雞血石，質量也就越高。

雞血石 -昌化雞血石

（清）大紅袍昌化雞血石成份與特征
昌化雞血石是中國特有的名貴石種，具有艷麗鮮紅如雞血般的色彩和亮晶如美玉般的光澤，被譽為“國寶”而馳名中外，是中國四大名石之一。
清乾隆年所修《浙江通志》曾記載：“昌化縣產圖章石，紅點若朱砂，亦有青紫如玳瑁，良可愛玩，近則罕得矣。”雞血石形成於晚侏羅紀（約一億年前）流紋凝灰巖中，是朱砂（硫化汞HgS）在高嶺石（Ko）與地開石（Di）之間不斷滲染而成，摩氏硬度為 2~3 ，比重為 2.66~2.9 ，其成份為 AI2（Si4O10）(OH)2。
在評選中國國石中，昌化雞血石具備瞭“四性”：獨有性——據我國地質部門的調查和各國地質文獻的記載，目前世界其他國傢均無此類礦產發現；奇特性——形、色即奇異，又特別，十分罕見；觀賞性——形、色、紋理及質地美麗無比，百玩難舍，從中獲益；文化性——在傳統文化中有一席之地，皇帝寵愛，佈衣珍惜。
地理與傳說
昌化雞血石出產於浙江省臨安市昌化鎮西 50 公裏的浙西大峽谷源頭—海拔 1300 餘米的玉巖山、屬天目山系，為仙霞嶺山脈的北支，周圍群山環抱，峻嶺綿延，高山峽谷形成瞭獨特的氣候條件，當地民謠為：板橋直壟通，風雨不斷蹤。夏天蓋棉被，十月雪花飄。在雞血石產地，有許多有關雞血石的傳說，這其中之一便是鳳凰滅蝗蟲，血灑玉巖山。
傳說，遠古時，一對美麗的鳳凰在天庭翱翔時，不時聽到哀怨之聲，俯首一看，見蝗蟲成災，瘟疫流行，作物不長，滿目荒涼，百姓愁苦。善良正義的鳳凰見此情景，決意以自己的力量去消滅蝗害，驅散瘟疫，匡扶生靈。通過努力，美好的願望實現瞭，感恩的百姓，請求鳳凰留下，共同沐浴晨歌與暮曲。鳳凰被百姓的精誠所感動，在一座山巔——康山嶺，築起瞭鳳凰沼棲居，不久鳳凰沼周圍，所有山巖，變得潔白透明，如同白玉一般，玉巖山由此得名。玉巖山上百鳥齊鳴，玉巖山下百姓安居樂業。但就在這時，山上來瞭一對強橫的鳥獅，它們見到鳳凰巢居在如此美麗的山頭，創造如此輝煌的業績，受到百姓的恩戴產生瞭忌妒之心，從而決心將鳳凰趕走，占據鳳凰沼。一天，正當雌鳳凰進入孵育期，雄鳳外出覓食之際，偷襲鳳巢，攻擊雌鳳凰，雌鳳凰勇敢地與之博鬥，鳳獅之戰使得玉巖山上風聲鶴唳，日月無光。雄鳳回巢時，雌鳳凰被鳥獅啄斷瞭一條腿，血灑玉巖山，最後，鳳凰含著悲憤仍由自己的智慧和力量擊敗瞭鳥獅，含淚掩埋瞭被無辜踐踏的鳳凰蛋後騰空而去。
鳳凰離去，百姓痛惜萬分，他們對天祈禱，請求神靈保佑正義的鳳凰。百姓的誠意，鳳凰的啼血，感動瞭天地。玉皇大帝派皇太子下凡視察實情，令地藏菩薩將鳳凰血和鳳凰蛋點化成美麗的丹石，並賦予瞭塊塊丹石逢兇化吉，驅邪揚善，懲惡佈愛的力量。從此，玉巖山上鳳凰血和鳳凰蛋經過千萬年的埋藏，而成瞭今天的稀世珍貴——雞血石，雞血石本應叫鳳血石，這是後人在開采礦時發現它的色彩與剛宰殺的雞血滴在玉石上相似，才習慣稱作“雞血石”。

雞血石 -欣賞

雞血石因石頭中具有鮮紅色似雞血的辰砂（朱砂）而得名。浙江昌化玉巖山的雞血石開發始於明代早期，盛於清代乾隆時期，至今已有600多年的歷史。雞血石美麗、晶瑩、稀少，歷來被譽為“石後”、“印石公主”、“章石皇後”。
1972年9月中日建交時，周恩來總理曾代表中國政府，把一對原藏故宮博物院的雞血石章贈與日本首相田中角榮。此事在日本、東南亞、中國港澳臺地區引起極大的反響、掀起求購、收藏、觀賞雞血石的熱潮。
雞血石是觀賞石中的奇葩。現代雞血石的欣賞和品評主要受直觀因素、心理因素、價值因素制約。過去以章石為主，而現代則以觀賞為主。見仁見智，有多種不同的欣賞角度和品評方法。一般依據雞血石的顏色、質地、花紋、大小（重量）、瑕疵等特征進行欣賞與品評。雞血石的顏色多種多樣。例如紅色就有鮮紅、大紅、淡紅、暗紅、深紅等，一般以鮮艷的紅色為上品。紅色的多少也是品評的因素之一，有人認為，全紅為上，即指印章六面含血而言，四面紅次之，對面紅又次之，單面紅、頂腳紅、局部紅為下。全紅的雞血石俗稱“大紅袍”。也有人認為，“全石通紅，沒有其它顏色去襯托，失去瞭對比，紅色反而顯得平淡而不特出，俗話說得好，‘牡丹雖好，還需要綠葉扶持’”。

雞血石 -保養方法

雞血石應避免長時間放在日光或燈下，以免雞血因紅色部分變暗而減低瞭價值性。平常則宜擦上或浸於好的潤石油中，如美玉一般，使石質與空氣隔絕，減少因溫差變化而造成石質龜裂的可能性，且可增加石質的溫潤性。另外避免碰撞、摔裂即可。
雞血石適當的把玩、磨擦，可使呈“老光”，亦稱為“寶光”，而成為“老石”質更可人。其道理和磐玉的道理完全一樣。但對刻有薄意之印石或雕刻品則應避免，以免破壞瞭雕工，使之面目全非。
對未刻的印石，或原石等，則不妨多磨擦；未刻的印石有較不易損傷的好處，玩石兼養石，其樂趣之無窮，非親身體驗，難入其境矣！

 

雞血石 -對人體的益處

雞血石因內含辰砂（朱砂），既硫化汞，所以有些人斷言它對人體是有害的。但個人認為有失偏頗。
首先：朱砂可以入藥，具有以下功效：
[臨床應用]
1．用於心神不寧，心悸，失眠。朱砂甘寒質重，專入心經，寒能清熱；重能鎮怯。所以朱砂既可重鎮安神，又能清心安神，最適心火亢盛之心神不寧、煩躁不眠，每與黃連、蓮子心等合用，以增強清心安神作用。亦可用治其它原因之心神不寧，若心血虛者，可與當歸、生地黃等配伍，如朱砂安神丸；陰血虛者，又常與酸棗仁、柏子仁、當歸等養心安神藥配伍；驚恐或心氣虛心神不寧者，將本品納入豬心中燉服即可。
2．用於驚風，癲癇。本品重鎮，有鎮驚安神之功。用治高熱神昏、驚厥，常與牛黃、麝香等開竅、息風藥物同用，如安宮牛黃丸；治小兒急驚風，多與牛黃、全蠍、鉤藤等配伍，如牛黃散；用治癲癇卒昏抽搐，每與磁石同用，如磁朱丸。
3．用於瘡瘍腫毒，咽喉腫痛，口舌生瘡。本品性寒，有較強的清熱解毒作用，內服、外用均效。治療瘡瘍腫毒，多與雄黃、大戟、山慈菇等配伍，如紫金錠；治療咽喉腫痛、口舌生瘡，多與冰片、硼砂等配伍，如冰硼散。
其次，用巴林石、雞血石做飾物自古有之，尤其是在國際市場上，雞血石首先是被作為珠寶首飾而被認同的。

雞血石 -鑒別真假雞血石

雞血石可分為雞血、質地、重量等三種方式區分：
1 、假雞血：沒有銀斑，色度深淺不勻，線條粗細不一，花紋不自然，排列不符合雞血賦存規律，肉眼細觀極易區別。
2 、質地：用塑膠化合物假造，完全沒有石感，用刀刻也沒有石屑粉。有人甚至將雞血石切片，再粘貼於粗石上，再用填縫膠及石粉粘合，狀極似真雞血石，仔細在強光下則可辨別真偽，或觀察血色及畫形是否一致或有無連貫，不難識破。再則，有人用石粉加化合物，塑模塗上“朱砂”或大紅水彩假造雞血而成。
3 、重量：真雞血石的重量較沉穩，假雞血的重量較輕浮，隻要細心用以下步驟測試：（ 1 ）用砂佈細磨，真雞血石材會呈石粉狀而有朱砂紅之現象，化石物則沒有；（ 2 ）用刀雕刻，假雞血石下刀後呈塑質之卷曲石屑，能感覺出來；（ 3 ）用火燒，假雞血石會有燒焦的膠臭味，真雞血石則不會；（ 4 ）用手量質重，假雞血石因質地不同而感覺較輕；
 

作偽方法

　　由于雞血石質佳價高，作偽者很多。雞血石的作偽方法大體上有下面幾種：

鑲嵌法

　　采一質地較好的昌化石章，選擇幾面醒目的地方，分別挖出一個個深淺不一的小坑，然后用紅色的硫化汞涂料嵌入，待其自然陰干后，再磨光上蠟。不過，這種嵌入的雞血（硫化汞）沒有層次，同時血與昌化石的交接處色澤生硬，沒有過渡。

浸漬法

　　取一方昌化石，在需要的地方涂上硫化汞，陰干再涂，再陰干，使其血稍有層次，然后放在透明的樹脂裡浸漬，務使周身浸到，拾起晾干，再用細水沙打光即成。用這種方法做成的假雞血石，因樹脂易老化，日久表皮會泛黃，與內部的石色不相協調；同時樹脂表皮的毛孔比較粗。用放大鏡仔細觀察，其表面有一點點細小的擦眼。

切片貼皮法

　　用切割機把石章的六個平面分別切割出薄如紙的六面。于其內需要的地方涂上硫化汞。待晾干后再用熱燙的辦法和以膠水把原來切割下來的六個薄片按原樣貼回去，然后把薄片與膠合處的線角磨光。這樣雞血的紅色看起來生在石章裡面，而且自然分布。但血的層次畢竟只能停留在一個平面上。此類石章，只能局限于正方形或長方形的石章，其他的都不行。因為圓形和畸形的石章無法割斷和刻邊款，這樣薄片燙貼的痕跡就顯露出來了。

添補法

　　這是在真雞血石上，再增加硫化汞，并在增加的部分表面罩上一層極薄的樹脂，磨光后即成。這類方法是在血上加血，無疑是錦上添花，價值大增。同時真中有假、假假真真。所以對于特別好的雞血石，在觀察時必須注意和聯想到作偽者的手法，方可避免“大意失荊州”的后果。
　　目前，最著名的雞血石按產地命名分別是昌化雞血石和巴林雞血石。按質地一般分為4大類：凍地雞血石、軟地雞血石、軟鋼板地雞血石和硬鋼板地雞血石。它同壽山田黃并列，享有“印石皇后”的美稱，為中國印文化的發展作出了巨大貢獻。
　　雞血石因石頭中具有鮮紅色似雞血的辰砂（朱砂）而得名。浙江昌化玉巖山的雞血石開發始于明代早期，盛于清代乾隆時期，至今已有600多年的歷史。雞血石美麗、晶瑩、稀少，歷來被譽為“石后”、“印石公主”、“章石皇后”。
　　1972年9月中日建交時，周恩來總理曾代表中國政府，把一對原藏故宮博物院的雞血石章贈與日本首相田中角榮。此事在日本、東南亞、中國港澳臺地區引起極大的反響、掀起求購、收藏、觀賞雞血石的熱潮。
　　雞血石是觀賞石中的奇葩。現代雞血石的欣賞和品評主要受直觀因素、心理因素、價值因素制約。過去以章石為主，而現代則以觀賞為主。見仁見智，有多種不同的欣賞角度和品評方法。一般依據雞血石的顏色、質地、花紋、大小（重量）、瑕疵等特征進行欣賞與品評。雞血石的顏色多種多樣。例如紅色就有鮮紅、大紅、淡紅、暗紅、深紅等，一般以鮮艷的紅色為上品。紅色的多少也是品評的因素之一，有人認為，全紅為上，即指印章六面含血而言，四面紅次之，對面紅又次之，單面紅、頂腳紅、局部紅為下。全紅的雞血石俗稱“大紅袍”。也有人認為，“全石通紅，沒有其它顏色去襯托，失去了對比，紅色反而顯得平淡而不特出，俗話說得好，‘牡丹雖好，還需要綠葉扶持’”。

Chicken bloodstone is a sandstone to open the stone, the color is also bright red than cinnabar. Because of its color as bright red as chicken blood, so people commonly known as bloodstone. China's earliest discovery of chicken bloodstone is Zhejiang Changhua jade rocks rock. Later found the Inner Mongolia Chifeng Bahrain Youqi Bahrain bloodstone. 90 years in the 20th century and in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Hunan, Yunnan and other places found bloodstone.
Bloodstone - origin
Chicken Bloodstone Seal Chicken Bloodstone is a kind of sandstone that is made of cinnabar, and its color is bright red than cinnabar. Because of its color as bright red as chicken blood, so people commonly known as bloodstone. China's earliest discovery of chicken bloodstone is Zhejiang Changhua jade rocks rock. Later found the Inner Mongolia Chifeng Bahrain Youqi Bahrain bloodstone. 90 years in the 20th century and in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Hunan, Yunnan and other places found bloodstone. As the current Changhua cinnabar (mercury mine) is near the end, so the production of chicken blood stone production is quite limited, the market price is growing.
According to legend, there is a bird in ancient times, called "bird lion", also known as phoenix birds, aggressive nature. One day, foraging fly over Yuyan Hill, see a phoenix is ​​hatching eggs, Dayton evil thoughts, to attack. Unprepared Phoenix was bitten off the leg. Feng heard the news arrived, anger, defeated the "bird lion." Although the victory of the Phoenix, but the Phoenix blood DC, the red jade mountain, then became shiny Yingying, such as jade jade bloodstone. According to research, the development of chicken bloodstone began in the Ming Dynasty, and the famous in the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi, Qianlong, Jiaqing and other emperors appreciate Changhua chicken bloodstone, as the seal of the material. Recently, the State Post Bureau issued a set of "Bloodstone" special stamps printed on both sides of the Bao Xi.
In the early 70s of last century, former Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei, former Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ohira came to visit China, Premier Chou En-lai Changhua chicken bloodstone chapter, as the country gift two honored guests. Who played the stone playing is set cloud house carving home Shen feel, Mr. Liu Youshi. Thus, bloodstone in Japan, fame, set off a wave of blood collection of chicken boom. A large number of Japanese tourists to China, will be the first choice as a gift to bring home bloodstone. In China, the people of the collection of bloodstone investment enthusiasm has increased year by year.
Bloodstone - the main ingredient
Quartz, calcite, stibnite, dickite, kaolinite, dolomite and other minerals, and most of the mercury sulfide and other ingredients of silicate minerals. Different origins, texture components are different, but are inseparable from mercury sulfide ingredients.
Bloodstone from the "ground" and "blood" two parts. Generally believed that "blood" mineral composition is mainly Chen silicon. "Earth" ingredients, such as Changhua Chicken Bloodstone, the "Earth" mineral composition to clay minerals in the open stone-based, but also contains a considerable amount of kaolinite, alunite, halloysite, quartz, pyrite .
Bahrain chicken bloodstone is mainly kaolinite and hard boehmite; and texture is more delicate black frozen bloodstone and hibiscus frozen chicken bloodstone of the main mineral composition for the open stone and cinnabar; a few years ago in Jilin gold at the top of the discovery of a similar "golden top red" Of the quartz-dense block, which Chen Sha very small, hard and delicate texture, but also hard to contain Chen stone material, locally called cinnabar.
Bloodstone - shape
A variety of shapes of chicken bloody stone Bloodstone does not have a fixed shape, called block stone, its color has block blood, blood, Plum blood, cloud blood.
Block blood: the distribution of no law, the East Health - block, West Health piece, and some stone surface of a large piece of red, and there is no red face; some just the opposite, so the risk of buying chicken blood stone Branch.
Article blood: a regular distribution.
Plum Blood: Like plum is open, the whole stone is a star point.
Cloud blood: it is born in the broadband or strip of the indirect place, that is, like a blood and plum blood. So its blood like the clouds in the sky.
【Colour】
Bloodstone colors are bright red, pink, purple, dark red, the most valuable is the activity of the bright red blood.
Bloodstone - Legend
Chicken bloodstone industrial products
Changhua chicken blood stone produced in Lin'an City, Zhejiang Province, Changhua Town, 50 km west of the Grand Canyon source - more than 1,300 meters above sea level Yuyan Hill, is a Tianmushan, Xianxialing mountains for the north branch, surrounded by mountains, Ridge stretches, alpine valleys formed a unique climatic conditions, the local folk as: Banqiao straight ridge, the wind and rain continue to track. Summer covered quilts, floating snow in October. In the origin of chicken blood, there are many legends about bloodstone, one of which is the Phoenix off locusts, blood jade jade mountain.
Legend, ancient times, a pair of beautiful phoenix in the sky soaring, from time to time to hear the voice of sorrow, bowed a look, see locusts disaster, plague epidemic, crop is not long, deserted, people sorrow. Phoenix of good and just see this scene, determined to their own power to eliminate locusts, to disperse the plague, Kuang Fu souls. Through hard work, a good desire to achieve, and thanks to the people, ask the Phoenix to stay, the common bath morning song and twilight song. Phoenix was the people of the sincere touched, in a mountain - Kang Shanling, built the phoenix marsh dwelling, and soon around the phoenix marsh, all the rocks, become white and transparent, as white jade, jade rock hence the name . Yuyan mountain birds on the Qiming, Yuyan down the mountain people live and work. But at this time, the mountains to a pair of tyrannical birds and lions, they see the Phoenix nest in such a beautiful hills, to create such a brilliant performance, by the people of Nandai had a jealous heart, and thus determined to remove the Phoenix , Occupy Phoenix marsh. One day, when the females into the incubation period, the male phoenix out foraging occasion, attack phoenix nest, attack female Phoenix, female phoenix bravely with the fight, the lion war makes Yuyan Hill jittery, sun and the moon without light. Xiongfeng back to the nest, the female phoenix was a bird lion pecked a leg, the blood spilled jade rock, and finally, the phoenix resentment by his wisdom and power still beat the birds lion, tears buried innocent trampled Phoenix Eggs after vacated away.
Phoenix to leave, the people deplored, they pray to heaven, request the gods bless the justice of the Phoenix. The sincerity of the people, Phoenix's blood, touched the world. Jade Emperor sent the Crown Prince to visit the truth, so that the possession of the Buddha and the Phoenix Phoenix blood into a beautiful Dan Dan Shi Dan, and give the block Dan Dan Fenghao Kyrgyzstan, exorcism, punish the power of cloth love. Since then, Yu-yan mountain Phoenix and Phoenix eggs after thousands of years of blood and buried, and became today's rare precious - bloodstone, bloodstone should call phoenix blood stone, which later found in the mining of its color and just Slaughtered chicken blood drops similar to the jade, only used to be called "bloodstone."
Bloodstone - Location
Chalcogenite is produced in the head and tail regions of the cinnabar strip of low-temperature hydrothermal deposits, volcanic rocks, or hot-spring deposits, and yield is rather limited.
Bloodstone - Uses
Chicken bloodstone is mainly used as seal and craft sculpture material.
Chalazite - formation and mining
The origin of chicken blood 1, the formation of Bahrain
Gallstone for the cinnabar (mercuric sulfide) to penetrate into kaolinite, to open the stone and the formation of such a blend of the two, one of the natural symbiotic gems, at home and abroad is extremely rare.
2, traits
The composition of chicken blood is mercuric sulfide, stone is kaolinite or kaolinite, hardness of 2-3 degrees. Stone often with mercury spots and a small amount of quartz particles protruding from the stone surface. Chicken blood in addition to the main component of mercuric sulfide, but also contains a small amount of coloring elements iron, titanium, which is a dark dye, its content is the number of chicken red blood showed the main reason for the content of the blood was dark red . In addition, the chicken blood stone also contains different photosensitive elements selenium, tellurium, which is blood in the light and heat baked fade or discoloration (showing dark red) the main reason.
3, the distribution
Changhua chicken origin in Lin'an County, Zhejiang Province on the town of jade rock, Kuangdonggou distribution in Kang Shanling area.
4, mining
Chicken bloodstone mining in the early Ming Dynasty, when the blood rock exposed rock surface, the ancients according to the principle of thermal expansion and contraction of mining, exposed rock rock on the surface of the firewood, rock all heat, pouring with cold water, splitting the stone, With a shovel it is easy to take under the bloodstone. This mining method has few cracks, but the chicken blood stone is not likely to have been mined before the black or dark, and the output is very small. This mining method has been extended to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the surface outcrops of bloodstone have been exhausted, switch to explosive eye, and then hand dig or dig deep excavation
5, how to identify true and false bloodstone
Bloody stone called bloodstone, without blood is called Chang fossils.
Tasting chicken bloodstone, the first is to see "blood" red, with its fresh, condensate, thick is better. Those who are thick as a layer of deep penetration in the stone layer were. In addition to the bloodstone to determine the bloodstone is also an important basis. Zhang is the red dye in what kind of stone. Chicken bloodstone to pure, translucent, no nails and blood of the red color of each other for the top grade. Chicken blood sample can be divided into square, rectangular, oval, round, deformed, the size of roughly 5 - 2 cm radius of the edge is appropriate.
Fine texture of chicken bloodstone, with toughness, structure, close by the knife does not collapse.
Good bloodstone are not carved, to seal as the most appropriate. It can be said, all carved chicken blood are generally to cover their defects, is not expensive.
Because the good price of chicken blood stone, a lot of fake. Chicken bloodstone of the pseudo-methods are generally the following:
(L) mosaic law, mining a good texture Changhua stone, choose a few eye-catching areas, were dug up a shade of a different pit, and then use the red fluidized mercury paint embedded, until its natural dry , And then polished wax. However, this embedded chicken blood (mercuric sulfide) there is no level, while the junction of blood and Chang fossils blunt, there is no transition.
(2) impregnation method, take a Fang fossils, where necessary, coated with mercuric sulfide, dry and then coated, and then dried, so that the blood a little level, and then placed in a transparent resin impregnated, so that the whole body soaked , Picked up to dry, and then light water sand Serve. Fake bloodstone made in this way, because the resin is easy to aging, the course of time the skin will be yellowed, and the internal stone color is not coordinated; at the same time the resin skin pores relatively rough. Carefully observed with a magnifying glass, the surface has a little bit of small rub eyes.
(3) Sliced ​​skin method, with the cutting machine to the stone of the six planes were cut out as thin as six sides of the paper. Where it is required to be coated with mercuric sulfide. To be dried and then use the method of blanching and glue to the original cut down the six slices of the original paste back, and then glue the line with the angle polished. This chicken red blood appears to be born inside the stone, and naturally distributed. But the level of blood, after all, can only stay in a plane. Such stone, can only be limited to a square or rectangular stone, the other will not work. Because the circular and deformed stone can not be cut and carved side section, so that the traces of thin paste posted on the exposed.
(4) fill method, which is true bloodstone, and then add mercury sulfide, and add some of the surface covered with a layer of very thin resin, polished Serve. This method is to increase blood in the blood, is undoubtedly the icing on the cake, the value greatly increased. At the same time there are false, false true. Therefore, for a particularly good bloodstone, in the observation must be noted that the fake and associate the way to avoid the "effect of lost Jingzhou" consequences.
At present, the most famous bloodstone named by the origin of Changhua chicken bloodstone and Bahrain bloodstone. According to the texture is generally divided into four categories: frozen ground bloodstone, soft bloodstone, soft steel plate of bloodstone and hard plate to chicken bloodstone. It is the same Shou Shan Tian Huang, enjoy the "Indian stone queen," the name for the development of China's Indian culture has made tremendous contributions.
Chicken Bloodstone - Variety and Appreciation


Changhua chicken blood stone can be divided into frozen, soft, just and hard to four categories. Frozen ground bloodstone for the glass cold, suet frozen, frozen horns, peach flowers, etc., micro-transparent or translucent, hardness 2-3. Soft bloodstone hardness of 2-4 grade, just to chicken stone is kaolinite, alum stone by the late silicification of the product, the hardness of 4-7. Hard rock bloodstone is the product of silicification in the process of mineralization. The geology is named as cinnabar silicified tuff or sandstone siliceous rock. The main component is SiO2, its hardness is greater than 7.
Changhua chicken blood quality is blood and land. Red, red, purple, etc., the shape of chicken blood block red, red, red, red, etc., and can reach fresh, condensate, thick as good, deep with thickness, deep through the stone, Aggregate or patch balance is better. Less than 10% of the general population, less than 30% of the mid-range, more than 30% were high, more than 50% were treasures, more than 70% were rare. All red or six blood for the best. Red and the psychic chicken blood called "Dahongpao", red "chicken blood", the background there are black, white, yellow, green, blue, gray, purple, green and other basic colors, Different shades of various colors of mutual integration, natural Huncheng, do not have artificial carving, has formed a site of natural beautiful pattern. Black and white and chicken blood called the three-color "Liu off", is also a wonderful product, color Qi Li, changing. In addition, Changhua chicken rock stone, but also has a "fine, red, moist, greasy, warm, condensate," the six German.
According to the color and texture of chicken bloodstone can be divided into: Dahongpao, glass cold, Tianhuang frozen, lamb frozen, frozen horns, cinnabar frozen, lotus root frozen, frozen, frozen peanuts, frozen bean, agate frozen, Brain frozen, roe frozen, snake skin frozen, snow and other frozen.




Bloodstone - Bahrain Bloodstone
Bahrain Chicken Bloodstone China Chicken Bloodstone is divided into Changhua Chicken Bloodstone and Bahrain Chicken Bloodstone according to its output region. Changhua chicken blood stone produced in Changhua County, Zhejiang Province, about 40 km west of the mountain named on the river. Bahrain Chicken Bloodstone produced in Inner Mongolia Balin Right Banner, its sub-fine run, transparency, and to freeze-based, excluding "sand nails" chicken bloodstone red according to the form can be divided into red, red, Group red and so on. Red the higher the degree of condensation, the more concentrated distribution, occupy the larger the better, the higher the value of the stone. Some bloodstone texture and bloody natural interest, exciting, lovable, so people will be consistent with its beautiful name: for example, the appearance of stone or seal all covered by chicken blood, known as the "Dahongpao Red, black, white (or yellow) three colors accompanied by, because with the red, black, white (or yellow) with the color of the red, the body part of the stone transparent like flesh, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei's facial fit, it is called "Liu, Guan, Zhang" or "Taoyuan three sworn". In addition to weeks with red, full of red, colorful red, etc., are viewing and collection of the best.
Bloodstone is mainly produced in Changhua area of ​​Zhejiang province and Bahrain right flag of Inner Mongolia. Balin Right Banner is rich in Balinese stone. Balin stone texture moist, rich color, suitable for carving, is a good seal stone, stone is also the leader in ornamental. Bahrain stone is divided into chicken bloodstone, frozen stone and stone class. Mineral composition is mainly: to open stone, kaolinite, cinnabar and so on. A good bloodstone, stone pure, bloody bright eye-catching, the earth and the blood can echo each other. Bloodstone in accordance with the color points, there are bright red, red, dark red and so on. In accordance with the form of a film red, red, spotted red and several other. In general the higher the degree of color condensation, the more concentrated distribution, occupy a larger area of ​​bloodstone, the higher the quality.
Bloodstone - Changhua chicken bloodstone

 (Qing) Dahongpao Changhua chicken blood stone composition and characteristics
Changhua Chicken Bloodstone is a precious stone species unique to China, with bright red as chicken-like color and shining like a jade-like luster, known as the "national treasure" and famous at home and abroad, is one of the four famous stone.
"The annals of Zhejiang" by Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty have recorded: "Changhua county produces the stone, red dot if the cinnabar, also has the blue purple as the hawksbill, good lovable play, near is rare